Northern Outfitters Arctic Parka Liner -60°

킹왕짱 따뜻할 것 같은 파카!

Northern Outfitters 사의 Arctic Parka Liner -60° 라는 제품이다.

출처: http://www.northernoutfitters.com/arctic-parka-liner-60

우아... 보기만해도 킹왕짱 따뜻할 것 같다!

제품 소개를 보면 아래와 같다.

이 둘을 껴 입으면 -60°F (-51°C)까지 극한의 추위에서도 체온을 유지해준다니 ㄷㄷㄷ

게다가 내구성, 투습성까지 받쳐준다니!

Northern Outfitters Arctic Parka Liner -60º, constructed with our VÆTREX™ technology, zips into our Arctic Parka Shell and together they will keep you warm down to -60ºF (-51°C). Combined they give you a durable, breathable, versatile Arctic Parka for both men and women. In an extensive double-blind test performed by the UNIVERSITY OF NORTH DAKOTA, Northern Outfitters VÆTREX™ liners were proven superior to any other garments available for extreme cold weather temperatures.  The results of the test concluded: "OUNCE FOR OUNCE, VÆTREX™ IS THE MOST EFFICIENT INSULATING MATERIAL AVAILABLE TODAY."  VÆTREX™ is the ideal product for any winter activity. VÆTREX™ Liners are designed to be worn directly against the skin, but can be worn over a thin layer of a polypropylene/polyester, or a wool/polyester blend underwear.  Don't wear 100% natural fiber underwear with these liners--it will absorb and retain mositure, which degrades the performance of the VÆTREX™.  We carry two types of long underwear that have been tested with our gear and we know work well with our VÆTREX™ technology.  You can check them out, believe it or not, by clicking on the category "LONG UNDERWEAR" on the left side of your screen.

스펙에 비하면 가격도 나쁘지 않다.

지를까.... 하고 잠깐 망설였다^^;

그런데, 이정도 스펙이면 아무리 추위를 많이 타는 나도 국내에선 입을 일이 없겠다 ㅡ.ㅡ;

이 나이 먹어서 전방에서 한겨울에 찬바람 맞으면서 경계근무 할 것도 아니고^^;

그런데, 이름에서도 알 수 있듯이 이 옷은 내피용이다.

그래서 겉에는 아래와 같은 Arctic Parka Shell을 같이 입는다.

출처: http://www.northernoutfitters.com/arctic-parka-shell

아래 글은 보온용 소재들에 대한 소개를 스크랩 해 둔 글이다.

위의 파카에 쓰인 VAETREX라는 소재에 대해서 궁금해서 찾아보다가 스크랩해둔다.

Winter wilderness wear – performance technology

Individuals who work in the bush or the arctic region as foresters, prospectors, miners, geologists or engineers form the backbone of the forestry and mining industries. Nothing would be accomplished in either industry without their labours. In order to carry out their assignments, these individuals must be properly equipped. Spending a work shift on the Canadian tundra isn’t the same as running to the corner store for milk. Our climate demands that clothing utilized by these wilderness workers must be second-to-none in terms of quality and function.

Numerous experts including Dr. Jonathan M. Berkowitz, (Men’s Fitness, February 1999) agree that we can combat the cold in three ways: 
1. Stay dry since moisture sucks heat from your body;
2. Maintain the right amount of heat – too little chills you while too much makes you sweat;
3. Dress appropriately for your expected activity.

Cold-weather comfort depends on the right combination of fabrics. With the right combination, you’ll be virtually impervious to frostbite or hypothermia. Qualities that make a fabric useful for winter wear are its water repellence, insulating ability and drying time. 

The following is a breakdown of manufacturers’ latest cold weather clothing technologies and their functions:

MERINO WOOL

Merino sheep are regarded as having some of the finest and softest wool in the world. Several properties contribute to its popularity compared to wool in general and to other types of fabric including: 

• It’s excellent at regulating body temperature, especially when worn against the skin; and provides warmth without overheating.
• It draws moisture away from skin (wicking).
• Like cotton, wool absorbs water (up to one-third its weight), but unlike cotton, wool retains its warmth when wet, helping wearers avoid hypothermia.
• It has anti-bacterial properties so the fabric resists smells produced by sweating. 
• It boasts an excellent warmth-to-weight ratio because the smaller fibers have microscopic cortexes of dead air, trapping body heat similar to the way a sleeping bag warms its occupant.

The wool in SmartWool® socks (www.smartwool.com) is culled from New Zealand Merino sheep. SmartWool technology makes use of Merino wool’s natural properties to produce a sock that’s soft enough to keep your feet from itching. Lightweight, SmartWool fibers have a hydrophobic interior and hydrophyllic surface that transfer and repels moisture away from the skin. The natural crimp of the Merino wool fiber forms tiny air pockets that let the fabric regulate your temperature, whether it’s hot or cold.

GORE-TEX

GORE-TEX (www.gore-tex.com) membrane contains over 9 billion microscopic pores per square inch. These pores are 20,000 times smaller than a water droplet but 700 times larger than a water vapour molecule, which makes the GORE-TEX membrane completely water proof from the outside while allowing perspiration to escape from the inside.

An ‘oleo phobic’ or oil-hating substance is integrated into the membrane preventing the penetration of body oils that could otherwise affect the membrane. 

In GORE-TEX laminates, a bond is created between the Gore-Tex membrane and high performance fabrics that are extremely breathable.

GORE-TEX fabrics are designed to be waterproof, windproof and breathable and maintain performance for the life of the product. They are found in footwear and outerwear products from Asics, Adidas, Cabela’s, Eco, L.L. Bean, Merrell, New Balance, Patagonia and others.

GORE-TEX socks consist of fabric that blocks water penetration while allowing foot perspiration to escape. An outer layer of durable Lycra™ with Taslite insets in high-abrasion areas guarantees long wear and a comfortable fit. This sock is excellent in rubber-bottom boots, leather work/hunting boots or waders.

NOTE: Always wear with a liner sock. Insulated socks will require additional room inside your footwear, about the same as if wearing two pairs of socks.

GOOSE DOWN 

Goose down is considered by some to be the single best insulating material available due to its light weight, compressibility, and heat retention.

“Fill-power” is used to rate down insulation and is measured as cubic inches per ounce (in³/oz). Higher fill-power downs will thus insulate better than lower fill-power downs of the same weight. A fill-power of 400-450 is considered medium quality, 500-550 is considered good, 550-750 is considered very good, 700+ is considered excellent, and 800+ is ideal used for very lightweight and/or very cold-weather gear.

PRIMA LOFT

PrimaLoft insulation products (used in products from Adidas, Cabela’s, Eddie Bauer, L.L. Bean, Patagonia, Reebok and The North Face, among others) offer superior performance for high quality cold-weather gear. PrimaLoft is incredibly soft, lightweight, breathable and water repellent so you remain dry, warm and comfortable–even under the most extreme conditions.

The patented PrimaLoft ultra-fine microfibers are specially treated in a proprietary process, creating a core with incredible insulation properties. For more information, visit www.primaloft.com.

POLARGUARD

POLARGUARD® (www.polarguard.com), a trademark of INVISTA, is a continuous filament synthetic insulation that is recognized for its high performance in insulated outerwear and sleeping bags. For more than 35 years the POLARGUARD® family of insulation products has provided greater thermal efficiency, more loft, resiliency and longerterm durability when compared to staple products. Unlike down, synthetic insulation retains much of its insulation value even when wet.

POLARGUARD® insulation absorbs less moisture and is breathable, so moisture vapours from the body will pass through the battings, keeping you drier and warmer. This insulation also dries faster than down. The triangular hollow cross section fibre construction provides additional loft and helps to prevent the fibre from collapsing or flattening after continued use.

POLARTEC FLEECE

The 100% polyester velour construction creates air pockets that trap air and retain body heat. Polartec® Classic fabrics provide lightweight warmth and breathability. Unlike less expensive fleece fabrics, Polartec® Classic products maintain their insulating ability and non-pilling appearance after repeated laundering.

Polartec® Classic 100 weight fabrics are the lightest and are excellent for a warm first layer or lightweight sweater. Polartec® Classic 300 fabrics are the heaviest and provide a warm thermal layer for very cold outdoor activities. Technical highlights of this fabric include: 

1) Provides warmth without the weight and bulk of traditional fabrics,
2) Highly breathable and does not restrict the movement of moisture vapour,
3) Sheds rain and snow,
4) Dries quickly to minimize heat loss,
5) Durable and machine washable.

For more information, visit www.polartec.com.

VAETREX

Northern Outfitters® patented insulation technology, known as VÆTREX™, has revolutionized extreme cold weather clothing. VÆTREX™ stands for Vapour Attenuating and Expelling, Thermal Retaining insulation for Extreme cold weather clothing. VÆTREX™ is soft, pliable, hydrophobic, hypo-allergenic, and very efficient at retaining body heat. VÆTREX™ has permanent loft and will expel body moisture. The insulation and fabrics in the clothing are designed to perform like the fur and feathers on animals found in extreme cold regions. In addition, the warmth of VÆTREX™ insulated clothing is not degraded by perspiration. Other clothing insulation systems encourage body moisture to condense in the garment, which dramatically decreases its useful warmth.

In fact, the University of North Dakota’s Department of Engineering conducted an independent blind study and found that Vætrex™ was clearly superior under all conditions in comparison to other cold weather fabrics. They said, “From all test results, dry and wet, windy or calm, it is clear that Vætrex™ outperforms all other fabrics in heat retention, moisture wicking, and wind chill resistance

Vaetrex Testimonial

The Vætrex clothing has been a solid, flawless part of my clothing system for the last several years and it keeps me warm and dry. The fact that I don’t have to worry about trying to stay warm or dry myself out on trail, gives me more time to care for my dogs and rest. These are key ingredients to my success in racing and will help me continue to improve in the future. Thanks again for the awesome products and we are looking forward to the Iditarod coming up in a few weeks.
                                                                                                                                   Aaron Burmeister.
                                                                                   Iditarod and Yukon Quest Musher, Lifelong Alaskan.

It’s obvious that when it comes to selecting cold weather work wear, that workers must consider more than simply price and a good fit. Hopefully, when it is time to ‘gear up’ for next winter’s work season, readers can now make better informed winter wear buying decisions.

Base Layer Buyer’s Guide

There’s a lot to consider when you layer up to head out in cold weather with the key being a solid base layer. Considerations include fabric type, fabric weight and fit of your next-to-skin layer. Base layer is also known as “long underwear.” It should be a snug fit to hold in warmth. Base layers also wick moisture away from the body, allowing other layers to work to maximum effectiveness. In selecting the best fabric content, it often comes down to personal preference and which inherent properties are most important to the individual.

Polyester (and other synthetics)

Dry quickly, resist stretching and shrinking, and are considered especially durable, lightweight and easy to care for. Polyester, made of synthetic fibres (which also include fleece), has a reputation for feeling less natural against the skin. Polyester’s breathable, moisture-wicking and warmth-retaining properties make up for what it may lack in softness and is machine washable.

Wool

It’s flexible and highly durable plus an excellent insulator. Wool repels light amounts of liquid on the surface and wicks moisture away from the skin. It also resists odour and is flame retardant. Most wool garments are susceptible to shrinkage and should be dry-cleaned, but technological advancements have made machine-washable wool possible.

Silk

Known for its soft, smooth feel, silk is also strong and moderately abrasion resistant. It’s absorbent, so not ideal for highly aerobic activities unless treated to enhance its moisture-wicking ability. While dry-cleaning silk is preferred, it can be successfully hand washed.

출처 

http://www.mc-fm.ca/downloads/FM_Spr2010_RICH.pdf

FM_Spr2010_RICH.pdf

17.3.1 Extreme weather conditions

Events in the industrial field dictate that workers will be required to work and otherwise function in colder and colder temperatures, in weather conditions which hitherto would have been a sufficient excuse to ‘down tools and head for the tea hut’. We are asked to provide means for personnel to work and function efficiently in temperatures well below -30 °C in wind, rain and snow, and in the case of military personnel, other hazards. Decisions have been made to send men to drill for oil under ice caps, and to fight in conditions when breathing out is accompanied by icicle formation. These situations are now attracting growing attention among various sectors of the textile and apparel industries. There is also a need for more adequate weatherproof clothing for people who work in less extreme conditions, such as petrol station attendants, surveyors and engineers. Often they use conventionally accepted garments which can be more expensive but far less effective than ones specifically designed for the purpose.

The design of protective military apparel for operating in extreme climates can be complex because of variations in conditions. Requirements for the components in protective apparel sometimes conflict and these demands stimulate interdisciplinary research for new textile materials, equipment and technologies. These disciplines include textile engineering, industrial engineering and design, apparel design, textile science and physiology. Current protection requirements are for normal, combat and emergency survival operations in both peacetime and war.One of the most important current problems is designing apparel that is effective and comfortable.

Price is often synonymous with quality yet this is not always the case in practice. In many cases there is insufficient knowledge of the requirements for high technical performance so that even specialists find difficulty in making judgements on clothing for outdoor pursuits. The design and manufacture of the garment is of considerable importance, particularly the method of seaming for waterproof garments.

Submarine suits must protect the wearer against drowning and hypothermia for long periods under severe weather conditions.The Swedish Division of Naval Medicine of the Swedish Defence Research Establishment has found that survival suits could maintain body temperature for up to 20 hours in cold water simulating winter conditions. Effective survival suits may include a life raft and even diaper material for urine collection. In addition, thermal insulation and buoyancy of the suits are very important. Thermal insulation can be partly provided by an aluminized inner coverall worn over the uniform. It was also concluded that survival suits should be developed consisting of a double layered suit with a life raft, a single layered suit with extra buoyancy and a life raft, or a modified double layered suit with extra buoyancy.

Helly-Hansen, the Norwegian company which specialises in foul weather and survival gear for commercial fishermen, claims a 52% share of the world market. They accept the layering principle and prefer three layers, namely:

1 an inner layer with good skin contact, not too absorbent
2 an insulating layer trapping large volumes of still air and helping transportation of moisture away from the skin and
3 a wind/ water barrier layer.

Tests have shown that it is not the fibre which is important for insulation value of a fabric, but the construction of the fabric, for example, knitted versus woven, thickness, resistance to compression, weight and so on.This and the design of the garment are key factors and the ability to close the garment at the neck, wrist and ankle are important.

Other manufacturers produce multilayer insulation systems for use in clothing for severe weather. Northern Outfitters (Superior Technology Means Superior Performance, http://www.northern.com, July, 1997) use their VÆTREX (Vapour Attenuating and Expelling Thermal Retaining insulation for EXtreme cold weather clothing) to make what they claim to be the warmest clothing and boots in the world.

VÆTREX uses special open cell polyurethane foam as the principal insulating medium which has permanent loft and allows the expulsion of perspiration. This is sandwiched between two fabric layers, the outer one which deflects the wind and stabilizes the air in the insulation and the inner one which allows moisture vapour transfer. The construction of VÆTREX is shown in Fig. 17.1.

The hollow viscose fibre, Viloft® (Courtaulds) has been mixed with polyester to give a high bulk, low density material for thermal underwear. It gives high water permeability and water absorbency combined with resilience, strength and shape retention properties of the synthetic fibre. All these properties are essential in thermal underwear and both laboratory and field tests indicated Viloft/polyester had a substantial market potential.

The development of Thinsulate® (3M) has been described.15 This combines polyester staple with polypropylene microfibre and has undergone extensive tests both in the laboratory and in the field. Examples of the latter include use by postmen, ski centres and survival posts in the northern USA and in underwear for US Navy divers. Excellent results have also been recorded on the recent British winter expedition to Everest.

Metallised coatings are frequently used to improve thermal insulation by reflecting heat radiated by the body.28 An aluminium reflecting surface is very efficient in the part of the spectrum in which the body gives out radiation. It can reflect 95% of the radiant heat back into the body and in addition acts instantly giving fast warm-up in cases of acute suffering from cold. Flectalon is a filling of metallised and shredded plastic film for use in apparel and applications such as survival blankets. The product, besides its ability to reflect thermal radiation, allows diffusion of moisture and retains its reflecting properties when wet and when compressed. Trials have been successfully carried out by coastal rescue and cave rescue organisations, in mountaineering situations, and also for the protection of new born babies.

Metallised polyvinyl chloride (PVC) can be used when flame resistance is also important. Sommer Alibert (UK) Ltd exhibited a novel composite fabric for insulation purposes which consists of a needled acrylic wadding, polyethylene film and aluminium foil, called Sommerflex for use in lightweight and windproof interlinings for anoraks, sleeping bags, gloves, mittens, continental quilts and mountaineering wear.

Temperature-regulating fabric is made from cotton to which poly(ethylene glycol) has been chemically fixed. At high temperatures the fabric absorbs heat as the additive changes to a high energy solid form. At low temperatures the reverse process takes place. Such fabrics have potential in thermal protective clothing such as skiwear. One such product is OutlastTM (Gateway Technologies, Inc).They claim that ski gloves containing Outlast fabric maintain the skin at a higher temperature than conventional gloves ten times thicker by utilizing the energy conserved during exercise. These thinner gloves allow better dexterity.

Choice of appropriate fabric is not the only consideration when designing survival wear.The correct design of the suit is very important, particularly with regard to water ingress.Good suits allow less than 5 g of water ingress but many suits allow up to 1 litre. Even this amount of ingressed water would contribute about 50% of the heat loss from the body.

출처

http://www.tex.tuiasi.ro/biblioteca/carti/CARTI/Textile/Handbook%20of%20Technical%20Textiles/021.pdf

021.pdf